Touch panel and method of manufacturing the same

ABSTRACT

A touch panel includes an input registration structure comprising a biasable medium layer. A generally inflexible cover is disposed on the input registration structure and defines a touch surface. A pointer biases the biasable medium layer at a position adjacent the pointer when the pointer is positioned proximate the touch surface. The input registration structure generates a position signal corresponding to the position of the pointer in relation to the touch surface.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/071,452, filed Mar. 3, 2005, the contents of which is incorporatedherein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to interactive display systemsand, more particularly, to a touch panel and method of manufacturing thesame.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Touch panels, such as for example digitizers and analog resistive touchscreens are known in the art. These touch panels typically include aconductive tensioned membrane defining a touch surface that is stretchedtautly over and spaced from a conductive substrate. When a pointer isused to contact the tensioned membrane with sufficient activation force,the tensioned membrane deflects and contacts the conductive substratethereby to make an electrical contact. Determining voltage changesinduced by the electrical contact allows the position of pointer contacton the touch surface to be determined and a position signalcorresponding to the position of pointer contact to be generated.

Touch panels of this nature are often used in conjunction with a displaysuch as a liquid crystal display (“LCD”) panel. In such cases, the touchpanel is disposed over the display with images presented by the displaybeing visible through the touch panel. In this manner, the touch paneland display combination permits touch interaction with a displayedgraphical interface. Examples of touch panel and display implementationsinclude tablet personal computers (“PCs”) and personal digitalassistants (“PDAs”). Although PCs and PDAs are widely accepted, as thetouch panel is disposed over the display the visual quality of displayedimages can be somewhat distorted.

When a user uses a pointer to provide touch input, the pointer iscommonly held in the hand in the same manner as more traditional writinginstruments, such as for example a pen, when used to write on paper. Thefleshy part of the palm adjacent the little finger, if not also theforearm, is typically rested on the touch surface to provide stability.When this technique is used to provide touch input, the area of contactbetween the user's hand and the touch surface is detected as input,obscuring the actual pointer touch input. This condition is commonlyreferred to as “palm reject”. As will be appreciated, improvements intouch panels to obviate or mitigate the above disadvantages are desired.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a noveltouch panel and method of manufacturing the same.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, in one aspect of the present invention, there is provided atouch panel, comprising:

an input registration structure comprising a biasable medium layer;

a generally inflexible cover disposed on said input registrationstructure and defining a touch surface; and

a pointer for biasing said biasable medium layer at a position adjacentsaid pointer when said pointer is positioned proximate said touchsurface, said input registration structure generating a position signalcorresponding to said pointer position.

In one embodiment, the input registration structure includes apressure-sensitive layer arrangement adjacent the biasable medium layerfor registering biasing of the biasable medium layer. The pressuresensitive layer arrangement includes two spaced, conductive resistlayers that are brought into contact upon biasing of the bias ablemedium layer. The pointer magnetically biases the medium layer. Thepressure-sensitive layer arrangement is placed intermediate thegenerally inflexible cover and the biasable medium layer and the pointermagnetically attracts the biasable medium layer.

In one embodiment, the biasable medium layer is ferromagnetic andincludes a layer of ferrous paint applied to the flexible layer. Thelayer of ferrous paint can be continuous or discontinuous across theflexible layer. Alternatively, in another embodiment the biasable mediumlayer comprises a plurality of magnetically biasable objects, such asball bearings.

The pointer may include a permanent magnet or an electromagnet to biasthe biasable medium layer.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provideda method of manufacturing a touch panel, comprising:

providing a generally inflexible cover defining a touch surface; and

coupling an input registration structure to one side of said generallyinflexible cover, said input registration structure comprising abiasable medium layer, said input registration structure being operableto register the location of biasing of said biasable medium layer.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a touch panel, comprising:

an input registration structure comprising a magnetically biasablemedium layer; and

a generally inflexible cover disposed on said input registrationstructure, the surface of said cover opposite said input registrationstructure defining a touch surface.

The touch panel provides advantages in that, by using an inputregistration structure disposed on a generally inflexible cover thatdefines a touch surface opposite the input registration structure, thepalm reject issues associated with conventional analog-resistive typetouch panels are avoided. Additionally, accidental contact with thetouch surface does not result in erroneous input being registered.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a prior art touch panel;

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of one embodiment of a touch panel;

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional representation of a pointer for use withthe touch panel of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of the touch panel and the pointer ofFIGS. 2 and 3 respectively, in a touch mode;

FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of the touch panel and the pointer ofFIGS. 2 and 3 respectively, in a hover mode;

FIGS. 6 a and 6 b show alternative biasable medium layers for use withthe touch panel of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view of yet another alternative biasablemedium layer comprising a number of ball bearings;

FIG. 8 is a partial sectional view of the biasable medium layer of FIG.7 with an alternative separator;

FIG. 9 is a side sectional view of another embodiment of a touch panelemploying biasable components;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a biasable component used in the touchpanel of FIG. 9; and

FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional representation of an alternativepointer for use with the touch panel of FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

For ease of understanding, a prior art touch panel of theanalog-resistive type will firstly be described. Turning now to FIG. 1,a prior art touch panel is shown and is generally identified byreference numeral 20. The touch panel 20 is generally rectangular andincludes an upper planar tensioned membrane 24. The upper surface of thetensioned membrane 24 defines a generally smooth touch surface 28. Aconductive resistive layer 32 is applied to the undersurface of thetensioned membrane 24. A peripheral insulating spacer 36 spaces theresistive layer 32 from another conductive resistive layer 40 that isapplied to the top surface of a rigid protective layer 44 to provide anair gap 48. The tension applied to the tensioned membrane 24 inconjunction with spacer 36 maintains separation between the resistivelayer 32 and the resistive layer 40 in the absence of pointer contactson the touch surface 28. The rigid protective layer 44 is disposed abovea display panel 52. Each of the tensioned membrane 24, the resistivelayers 32, 40, and the rigid protective layer 44 are generallytransparent to permit viewing of the display panel 52 from atop of thetouch surface 28. Adjacent the underside of the display panel 52 is abacking panel 56 to support and secure the display panel 52. An aluminumframe 60 encases and securely holds the components of the touch panel20.

The tensioned membrane 24 is a flexible, low creep film such as, forexample, polyethylene terephthalate (“PET”). The tensioned membrane 24serves to protect the resistive layers 32, 40 from damage as a result ofphysical contact, while maintaining sensitivity to pointer contact onthe touch surface 28.

The resistive layers 32, 40 each comprise a layer of Indium tin oxide.The peripheral insulating spacer 36 is formed of electrically insulatingmaterial such as rigid polyvinyl chloride (RPVC), acrylonitrilebutadiene styrene (ABS), acrylic or fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP).The rigid protective layer 44 is typically made of glass or plexiglass.

When a pointer is used to contact the tensioned membrane 24 withsufficient activation force, the tensioned membrane 24 deflects into thegap 48 and contacts the resistive layer 40 at the pointer contactposition. Voltage changes induced by the electrical contact between theresistive layers 32, 40 are sensed allowing the position of the pointercontact to be determined and a corresponding position signal to begenerated.

As touch input is registered whenever the tensioned membrane 24 isdeflected into the gap 48 to bring resistive layer 32 into contact withthe resistive layer 40, accidental contacts with the tensioned membraneare often interpreted as touch input. Additionally, the touch panel 20suffers from the “palm reject” problem discussed previously if the userplaces his hand on the touch surface 28 during writing on the touchsurface 28 using a pointer with sufficient pressure to deflect thetensioned member 24 and bring the resistive layer 32 into contact withthe resistive layer 40.

Turning to FIG. 2, an embodiment of a touch panel is shown generally at100. The construction of the touch panel 100 will be described relativeto its illustrated orientation, although those skilled in the art willunderstand that the touch panel 100 can be used in other orientations.Touch panel 100 has a protective top cover 104 that is generallyinflexible, the upper surface of which defines a touch surface 108. Theprotective top cover 104 overlays a display panel 112. The protectivetop cover 104 in this example is a sheet of Lexan® which, due to itsgenerally inflexible nature, protects the display panel 112. The Lexansheet is transparent to permit viewing of images presented by thedisplay panel 112. The display panel 112 is an LCD or other suitablepanel for generating and presenting images.

An insulating layer 116 made of polyester is disposed below the displaypanel 112. The insulating layer 116 is affixed via a layer of glue 120to a rigid layer 124 of aluminum. The insulating layer 116 electricallyinsulates the conductive aluminum rigid layer 124 from the underlyingcircuitry of the display panel 112. The rigid layer 124 supports thedisplay panel 112 and prevents it from flexure. Another insulating layer128 is adhered to the underside of the rigid layer 124 via a layer ofglue 132.

Situated underneath the insulating layer 128 is an input registrationstructure 136. The input registration structure 136 comprises apressure-sensitive analog resistive layer arrangement 140 and a biasablemedium layer 144 below the analog resistive layer arrangement 140. Thepressure-sensitive analog resistive layer arrangement 140 comprises acarbon resist layer 148 affixed to the second insulating layer 128 via alayer of glue 152, and separated from another carbon resist layer 156 bya peripheral air gap spacer 160 to maintain an air gap 164 between thecarbon resist layers 148 and 156. Carbon resist layer 156 is disposed onthe biasable medium layer 144. A peripheral air gap spacer 168 separatesthe biasable medium layer 144 from a support layer 172 to maintain anair gap 176 therebetween. The air gap 176 allows the carbon resist layer156 to be biased towards the carbon resist layer 148 with little airpressure resistance. The peripheral air gap spacers 160, 168 are formedof electrically insulating material such as rigid polyvinyl chloride(RPVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylic or fiberglassreinforced plastic. An aluminum frame 180 encases and securely holds thecomponents of the touch panel 100.

Each of the carbon resist layers 148 and 156 includes a set of thinparallel “wires”, with the wires of one carbon resist layer beingoriented transverse to the wires of the other carbon resist layer. Thecarbon resist layer 156 is a thin flexible film that is adhered to theperipheral air gap spacer 160 under tension.

In this embodiment, the biasable medium layer 144 is a relatively thin,continuous coating of ferrous paint that is applied to the underside ofthe carbon resist layer 156. The ferrous paint comprises ferrousparticles suspended in a carrier of acrylic paint. The acrylic paintcompletely coats the ferrous particles to provide electrical insulationfrom the carbon resist layer 156. The coat of ferrous paint issufficiently thin so as not to induce significant sag in the carbonresist layer 156. The ferrous particles are ferromagnetic; that is, theyare attracted to a magnetic force.

FIG. 3 shows a pointer 200 for use with the touch panel 100 of FIG. 2.Pointer 200 comprises a generally cylindrical housing 204 having a tip208 protruding from a passage 212 at one end of the housing 204. Aretainer ring 216 is secured to the interior end of the tip 208 and isaccommodated in a stepped region of the passage 212. The retainer ring216 abuts a shoulder 220 defined by the step in the passage to limit theoutward travel of the tip 208 along the passage 212.

A pressure-activated switch 224 is disposed in the housing 204 beyondthe interior end of the tip 208. The switch 224 is activated whenpressure is applied to the distal end of the tip 208 that is sufficientto urge the tip into the channel 212 and against the switch 224. A wire228 is coupled to the switch 224 and exits the rear end of the pointer200 to electrically couple the switch 224 to the touch panel 100.

The tip 208 is a generally cylindrical permanent magnet that generates amagnetic field and has a rounded distal end to permit smooth travel ofthe tip 208 across the touch surface 108.

The pointer 200 can be conditioned between two modes. When the tip 208is urged into the channel 212 via contact with the touch surface 108 andactivates the switch 224, the pointer 200 is conditioned to a “touchmode”. Alternatively, when the switch 224 is not activated, the pointer200 is conditioned to a “hover mode”.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show the pointer 200 in use with the touch panel 100. InFIG. 4, the pointer 200 is shown in contact with the touch surface 108such that the tip 208 is urged into the channel 212 and activates theswitch 224. As a result, the pointer 200 is conditioned to the touchmode.

With the tip 208 of the pointer 200 in contact with the touch surface108, the biasable medium layer 144 is attracted by the magnetic fieldgenerated by the pointer tip 208 at a location proximate to the point ofcontact of the pointer tip 208 with the touch surface 108 as showngenerally at 250. As a result, the biasable medium layer 144 urges thecarbon resist layer 156 to which it is coupled upwards and into contactwith the carbon resist layer 148 at that location. With the carbonresist layers 148 and 156 in contact, the pointer position is determinedin a known manner by applying a voltage to the wires of one resist layerand reading the potential on the wires of the other resist layer andthen by applying a voltage to the wires of the other resist layer andreading the potential on the wires of the one resist layer.

In the touch mode, as shown in FIG. 4, the activated switch 224 of thepointer 200 completes a circuit with the touch panel 100. The touchpanel 100 interprets the completed circuit as an indication that thepointer 200 is in the touch mode. Thus, the input registered by thetouch panel as a result of contact between the carbon resist layers 148and 156 is deemed to be touch input. In response, the touch panel 100generates a position signal that is transmitted to a computing device towhich the touch panel 100 is coupled, along with the mode of the pointer200 (i.e. touch).

In FIG. 5, the pointer 200 is shown positioned proximate to the touchpanel 100, but is either not in contact with the touch surface 108 orthe contact is not sufficient to activate the switch 224 of the pointer200. As a result, the pointer 200 is conditioned to the hover mode.

As the tip 208 of the pointer 200 generates a magnetic field regardlessof whether the pointer 200 is in the touch or hover mode, in the hovermode the biasable medium layer 144 is still attracted by the pointer tip208. As a result, the biasable medium layer 144 presses against thesecond carbon resist layer 156. In this manner, the second carbon resistlayer 156 is urged into contact with the carbon resist layer 148 asshown generally at 254 to register the input.

In the hover mode, the switch 224 of the pointer 200 does not completethe circuit with the touch panel 100. The touch panel 100 interprets theopen circuit as an indication that the pointer 200 is in the hover mode.Thus, the input registered by the touch panel 100 as a result of contactbetween the carbon resist layers 148 and 156 is deemed to be hoverinput. In response, the touch panel 100 generates a position signal thatis transmitted to the computing device along with the mode of thepointer 200 (i.e. hover).

As will be appreciated, the touch panel 100 avoids the “palm reject”problems described previously as input is registered by magneticallybiasing a pressure-sensitive analog resistive layer arrangement withinthe touch panel.

While, in the above-described embodiment, the biasable medium layer 144is a layer of ferrous paint applied in a continuous coat to the carbonresist layer 156, it may be advantageous to apply the paint in adiscontinuous manner to the second carbon resist layer. By reducing thesurface area of the coat of paint, the weight of the paint, which isrelated to sag, can be reduced and/or the thickness of the paint can beincreased to improve the ferromagnetic response of the paint.

FIGS. 6 a and 6 b illustrate alternative patterns for application of theferrous paint to the carbon resist layer 156. Both patterns aregenerated using a silk-screening process. As can be seen, the patternsare not continuous and provide for reduced areas of paint coverage. Thepatterns are, however, generally repeating such that no point on thecarbon resist layer 156 is further than a set distance from ferrouspaint to ensure suitable responsiveness across the second carbon resistlayer 156.

FIG. 7 shows yet another alternative biasable medium layer 300 for usewith the touch panel 100 comprising a plurality of magnetically biasableobjects. In this example, the biasable objects are ball bearings 304disposed in a grid separator 308. The ball bearings 304 are made of aferromagnetic metal, typically carbon steel.

The grid separator 308 is manufactured from a material that does notinterfere with the magnetic biasing of the ball bearings 304, such as aresilient plastic. The grid separator 308 defines a number of cells 312that are cuboid and have dimensions larger than those of the ballbearings 304 to allow the ball bearings 304 to freely float within thecells. By using the grid separator 308, a generally even distribution ofball bearings 304 across the biasable medium layer 300 is maintained.The cells 312 are open along one side to allow the ball bearings 304 toprotrude from the open side. When the biasable medium layer 300 isemployed in the touch panel 100, the open sides of the cells 312 facethe carbon resist layer 156 to permit the ball bearings 304 to impingethereon when magnetically attracted by the pointer 200.

When the pointer 200 is brought proximate to the touch surface 108, themagnetic field generated by the pointer tip 208 attracts the ballbearing 304 adjacent the pointer. The ball bearing 304 in turn movesupward within its cell 312. The upper portion of the ball bearing 304that projects above the grid separator 308 contacts the carbon resistlayer 156 and urges it into contact with the carbon resist layer 148thereby to register input.

FIG. 8 shows yet another alternative biasable medium layer 316 that issimilar to the biasable medium layer 300 of FIG. 7. In this example, achannel separator 320 is used in place of the grid separator 308. Thechannel separator 320 has lateral channels 324 dimensioned larger thanthe ball bearings 304 such that free flotation of the ball bearings 304along the channels 324 is permitted. Use of the channel separator 320maintains a generally even distribution of the ball bearings 304 alongone dimension of the biasable medium layer 316. The ball bearings 304generally distribute themselves along a second dimension (i.e. along thechannels 324). If the touch panel is to be operated at least partiallyupright, the channels 324 can be aligned horizontally to maintain thegenerally even distribution of the ball bearings 304.

The channels 324 are open along one side to allow the ball bearings 304to protrude from the open side. When the biasable medium layer 316 isemployed in the touch panel 100, the open sides of the channels 324 facethe carbon resist layer 156 to permit the ball bearings 304 to impingethereon when magnetically attracted by the pointer 200.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show another embodiment of the touch panel 100. In thisexample, touch panel 100 has a biasable medium layer 400 interposedbetween the insulation layer 128 and the pressure-sensitive layerarrangement 140. The input registration structure 136 is reversed suchthat the carbon resist layer 156 is positioned above carbon resist layer148. A secondary insulation layer 408 is positioned between the carbonresist layer 148 and the aluminum frame 180.

Biasable medium layer 400 includes an array of biasable components 404.Each biasable component 404 comprises a cylindrical magnet 412 slidablyreceived in one end of a tube 416. The magnet 412 and the tube 416 aredimensioned to permit air flow along the side of the magnet 412 when themagnet 412 is moved through the tube 416. The other end of the tube 416is secured to a mounting plate 420 that extends outside the circularprofile of the tube 416. The mounting plate provides a surface 420 tosecure adhesively the tube 416 to the insulation layer 128. In FIG. 10,the magnet 412 is shown held in a neutral position within the tube 416by a spring 424 that resists movement of the magnet 412 in eitherdirection through the tube 416. The magnet 412 is secured to the spring424 at the South pole 428 thereof, with the North pole 432 protrudingfrom the tube 416.

When the pointer 200 radiating a South magnetic force is placed proximalto the touch surface 108, the magnet 412 of the biasable component 404nearest the pointer 200 is urged away from the pointer due to thepolarity of the magnet 412. As a result, the magnet 412 is pushed out ofthe tube 416 and towards the carbon resist layer 156. The impingement ofthe magnet 412 against the carbon resist layer 156 causes it to span thegap 148 and contact the carbon resist layer 148 to register input. Uponremoval of the magnetic force of the pointer 200 from the touch surface108, the magnet 412 returns to the neutral position under the bias ofthe spring 424.

FIG. 11 shows another pointer 500 for use with the touch panel 100.Instead of a permanent magnet, the pointer 500 employs a solenoid togenerate an electromagnetic field. The pointer 500 has a cylindricalmain body 504 and an iron tip 508 protruding from one end of the mainbody 504. Unlike pointer 200, the tip 508 is fixed to the body 504. Anelectrical coil 512 encircles the iron tip 508 within the body 504 andis connected to a battery 516 housed in the main body 504. Twoconductive elastomer grips 520 are positioned on the exterior of themain body 504 and are connected to the battery 516. Upon contact withthe skin of a user, a circuit is formed through the elastomer grips 520.When the circuit is completed, the electrical coil 512 is electricallycoupled to the battery 516. As a result, an electromagnetic field isgenerated along the iron tip 508 for biasing the biasable medium layerof the touch panel.

While the pointer is described as having a permanent magnet or anelectromagnet, those of skill in the art will appreciate that othertypes of pointers can be used. If desired, rather than determining hoveror contact based on pointer output, hover and contact input can bedifferentiated by determining the strength of the input, given a knownmagnetic force generated by the pointer. Where magnetically biasableelements are used, the point of contact of the pointer can be largerwhen the pointer is contacting the touch surface. The effects ofpositioning the pointer at different elevations above the touch surfacecan be determined and used to classify registered input as touch orhover contact. Also if desired, the touch panel can be conditioned totreat all input as touch input.

Although the touch panel is described as including a display panel forpresenting images that are visible through the top cover, if desired,the display panel and protective top cover can be replaced with anopaque layer for tablet or whiteboard applications.

An optical registration layer can be used in place of thepressure-sensitive analog resistive layer arrangement. In this case, oneor more cameras and light sources are positioned to look along the planeof the biasable medium layer and detect movement therealong thereby todetect point contact. Alternatively, a capacitive arrangement can beused in lieu of the pressure-sensitive analog resistive layerarrangement as well.

If desired, the ferrous paint can be imbued with a permanent charge,thereby reducing the magnetic force required to bias the biasable mediumlayer to bring the carbon resist layers into contact with one another inresponse to pointer input.

In the embodiments employing a biasable medium layer including ballbearings, those of skill in the art that other types and shapes ofmagnetically biasable objects may of course be used.

Although a number of embodiments of the touch panel have been describedand illustrated, those of skill in the art will appreciate thatvariations and modifications may be made without departing from thespirit and scope thereof as defined by the appended claims.

1. A touch panel system, comprising a touch panel and at least onepointer, said touch panel comprising: an input registration structurecomprising a flexible layer; and a generally inflexible cover disposedon said input registration structure and defining a touch surface;wherein when said pointer is positioned proximate said touch surface,said pointer biases said flexible layer at a position adjacent saidpointer thereby causing said flexible layer to flex, flexing of saidflexible layer causing said input registration structure to generate aposition signal corresponding to said pointer position.
 2. The touchpanel system of claim 1, wherein said input registration structurefurther comprises a pressure-sensitive layer arrangement adjacent saidflexible layer, said pressure-sensitive layer arrangement sensingflexing of said flexible layer.
 3. The touch panel system of claim 2,wherein said pressure-sensitive layer arrangement includes two spaced,conductive resist layers, said resist layers being brought into contactupon flexing of said flexible layer.
 4. The touch panel system of claim2, wherein said pointer magnetically biases said flexible layer.
 5. Thetouch panel system of claim 4, wherein said pressure-sensitive layerarrangement is positioned between said cover and said flexible layer andwherein said pointer magnetically attracts said flexible layer.
 6. Thetouch panel system of claim 5, wherein said flexible layer isferromagnetic.
 7. The touch panel system of claim 6, wherein saidflexible layer comprises a layer of ferrous paint applied to a flexiblesubstrate.
 8. The touch panel system of claim 7, wherein said layer offerrous paint is discontinuous across said substrate.
 9. The touch panelsystem of claim 8, wherein said layer of ferrous paint is applied tosaid substrate in a repeating pattern.
 10. The touch panel system ofclaim 7, wherein said flexible layer is disposed on a support panel. 11.The touch panel system of claim 4, wherein said pointer comprises apermanent magnet.
 12. The touch panel system of claim 4, wherein saidpointer comprises an electromagnet.
 13. The touch panel system of claim12, wherein said pointer comprises a circuit that, when closed,activates said electromagnet.
 14. The touch panel system of claim 13,wherein said pointer comprises a tip switch.
 15. The touch panel systemof claim 14, wherein said touch panel is conditioned to a touch modewhen said tip switch is activated.
 16. The touch panel system of claim15, wherein said touch panel is conditioned to a hover mode when saidtip switch is unactivated.
 17. The touch panel system of claim 16,further comprising a display panel intermediate said generallyinflexible cover and said input registration structure.
 18. The touchpanel system of claim 17, wherein said display panel is an LCD panel.19. A method of manufacturing a touch panel, comprising: providing agenerally inflexible cover defining a touch surface; coupling an inputregistration structure to one side of said generally inflexible cover,said input registration structure comprising a flexible layer, saidinput registration structure being operable to register the location offlexing of said flexible layer.
 20. The method of claim 19, furthercomprising: coupling a pressure-sensitive layer arrangement to saidflexible layer, said pressure-sensitive layer arrangement registeringflexing of said flexible layer.
 21. The method of claim 20, wherein saidpressure-sensitive layer arrangement includes two spaced, conductiveresist layers.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein said flexible layeris magnetically biasable.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein saidflexible layer is ferromagnetic.
 24. The method of claim 23, whereinsaid flexible layer comprises a flexible substrate having a layer offerrous paint applied thereto.
 25. The method of claim 24, wherein saidlayer of ferrous paint is applied discontinuously across said flexiblesubstrate.
 26. The method of claim 25, wherein said layer of ferrouspaint is applied in a repeating pattern across said flexible substrate.27. The method of claim 26, wherein, during coupling of said inputregistration structure, said pressure-sensitive layer arrangement isplaced intermediate said generally inflexible layer and said flexiblelayer.
 28. The method of claim 27, further comprising: coupling asupport panel to said generally inflexible layer and said inputregistration structure.
 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:interposing a display panel intermediate said generally inflexible layerand said input registration structure.
 30. The method of claim 29,wherein said display panel is an LCD panel.
 31. A touch panel,comprising: an input registration structure comprising a flexible layerthat flexes in response to an applied magnetic force; and a generallyinflexible cover disposed on said input registration structure, thesurface of said cover opposite said input registration structuredefining a touch surface.
 32. The touch panel of claim 31, wherein saidinput registration structure further comprises a pressure-sensitivelayer arrangement adjacent said flexible layer, said pressure-sensitivelayer arrangement registering flexing of said flexible layer.
 33. Thetouch panel of claim 32, wherein said pressure-sensitive layerarrangement is intermediate said input registration layer and saidgenerally inflexible layer.
 34. The touch panel of claim 33, whereinsaid flexible layer comprises a layer of ferrous paint applied to aflexible substrate.
 35. A touch panel system, comprising a touch paneland at least one pointer, said touch panel comprising: an inputregistration structure comprising a biasable layer comprising an arrayof movable magnetic objects, and a pair of spaced, conductive resistlayers; and a generally inflexible cover disposed on said inputregistration structure and defining a touch surface; wherein when saidpointer is positioned proximate said touch surface, said pointer biasesmagnetic objects of said biasable layer that are positioned adjacentsaid pointer thereby causing said biased magnetic objects to move andbring said resist layers into contact with one another, said inputregistration structure of said touch panel generating a position signalcorresponding to said pointer position in response to contact of saidresist layers.
 36. The touch panel system of claim 35, wherein saidpointer magnetically attracts the magnetic objects.
 37. The touch panelsystem of claim 36, wherein said magnetic objects are ferromagnetic. 38.The touch panel system of claim 37, wherein said magnetic objects areball bearings.
 39. The touch panel system of claim 38, wherein saidbiasable layer further comprises a separator for maintaining saidmagnetic objects in a desired distribution.
 40. The touch panel systemof claim 39, wherein said separator is a grid separator.
 41. The touchpanel system of claim 40, wherein said separator is a channel separator.42. A method of manufacturing a touch panel, comprising: providing agenerally inflexible cover defining a touch surface; coupling an inputregistration structure to one side of said generally inflexible cover,said input registration structure comprising a biasable layer and a pairof spaced, conductive resist layers, said biasable layer comprising anarray of movable magnetic objects, said resist layers being brought intocontact by displaced magnetic objects of said biasable layer.
 43. Themethod of claim 42, wherein said magnetic objects are ball bearings. 44.The method of claim 43, wherein said magnetic objects are accommodatedby a separator for maintaining said magnetic objects in a desireddistribution.
 45. The method of claim 44, wherein said separatorcomprises a grid separator.
 46. The method of claim 45, wherein saidseparator comprises a channel separator.
 47. A touch panel, comprising:an input registration structure comprising a magnetically biasable layerand a pair of spaced, conductive resist layers, said magneticallybiasable layer comprising a plurality of distributed movable magneticobjects; and a generally inflexible cover disposed on said inputregistration structure, the surface of said cover opposite said inputregistration structure defining a touch surface.
 48. The touch panel ofclaim 47, wherein said resist layers are intermediate said inputregistration layer and said generally inflexible layer.
 49. A touchpanel system, comprising a touch panel and at least one pointer, saidtouch panel comprising: an input registration structure comprising apliable layer; and a generally inflexible cover disposed on said inputregistration structure and defining a touch surface; wherein when saidpointer is positioned proximate said touch surface, said pointer biasessaid pliable layer at a position adjacent said pointer thereby causingdeformation said pliable layer and resulting in said input registrationstructure generating a position signal corresponding to said pointerposition.
 50. The touch panel system of claim 49, wherein said inputregistration structure further comprises a pressure-sensitive layerarrangement adjacent said pliable layer, said pressure-sensitive layerarrangement detecting deformation of said pliable layer.
 51. The touchpanel system of claim 50, wherein said pressure-sensitive layerarrangement includes two spaced, conductive resist layers, said resistlayers being brought into contact upon deformation of said pliablelayer.
 52. The touch panel system of claim 51, wherein said pointermagnetically biases said pliable layer.
 53. The touch panel system ofclaim 52, wherein said pressure-sensitive layer arrangement ispositioned between said cover and said pliable layer and wherein saidpointer magnetically attracts said pliable layer.
 54. The touch panelsystem of claim 53, wherein said pliable layer is ferromagnetic.
 55. Thetouch panel system of claim 54, wherein said pliable layer comprises alayer of ferrous paint applied to a substrate.
 56. The touch panelsystem of claim 55, wherein said layer of ferrous paint is discontinuousacross said substrate.
 57. The touch panel system of claim 56, whereinsaid layer of ferrous paint is applied to said substrate in a repeatingpattern.
 58. The touch panel system of claim 57, wherein said pliablelayer is disposed on a support panel.
 59. The touch panel system ofclaim 58, wherein said pointer comprises a permanent magnet.
 60. Thetouch panel system of claim 59, wherein said pointer comprises anelectromagnet.
 61. The touch panel system of claim 60, wherein saidpointer comprises a circuit that, when closed, activates saidelectromagnet.
 62. The touch panel system of claim 61, wherein saidpointer comprises a tip switch.
 63. The touch panel system of claim 62,wherein said touch panel is conditioned to a touch mode when said tipswitch is activated.
 64. The touch panel system of claim 63, whereinsaid touch panel is conditioned to a hover mode when said tip switch isunactivated.
 65. The touch panel system of claim 64, further comprisinga display panel intermediate said generally inflexible cover and saidinput registration structure.
 66. The touch panel system of claim 65,wherein said display panel is an LCD panel.